II. SPEAKING

e. Study the following conversation and then practice it with a friend.

Alex: Hey Jamie, IΓÇÖve been thinking about online safety lately. I feel like I need to be more careful.

Jamie: ThatΓÇÖs a smart idea! WhatΓÇÖs on your mind?

Alex: IΓÇÖm worried about phishing scams. I get so many emails that look real but could be trying to steal my information.

Jamie: Definitely a concern! Always check the senderΓÇÖs email and look for red flags like bad grammar. If it seems suspicious, donΓÇÖt click any links.

Alex: Got it. I also struggle with passwords. I sometimes use the same one for everything!

Jamie: ThatΓÇÖs risky! Use different passwords and consider a password manager to keep them secure. Strong passwords are crucial.

Alex: IΓÇÖve heard about two-factor authentication. How does that work?

Jamie: It adds an extra security layer. After entering your password, you get a code on your phone that you also need to enter. Even if someone steals your password, they canΓÇÖt get in without the code.

Alex: That sounds helpful! What about social media?

Jamie: Be careful there, too. Check your privacy settings and avoid sharing personal information.

Alex: Good point! IΓÇÖll make those changes. What else should I do?

Jamie: Ensure your devices have updated antivirus software to protect against malware.

Alex: Thanks, Jamie! I feel more prepared to stay safe online now.

Jamie: No problem! Just stay vigilant and keep learning about online safety.

GRAMMAR POINTS: Modals of Advice and Necessity

Modal Verb

Usage Description

Example

Should

Advice or recommendations

"You should always check the sender's email address."

Ought to

Advice with a moral obligation

"You ought to change your passwords frequently."

Must

Strong obligation or necessity

"You must report any suspicious activity immediately."

Need to

Practical necessity or requirement

"You need to install security updates on your devices."

 Example Sentences:

o "You should use strong passwords."

o "You must enable two-factor authentication."

a. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb (ought to, must, should, or need to)

1. To enhance your online security, you __________ use strong, unique passwords for each account.

2. If you notice suspicious activity on your account, you __________ report it immediately.

3. People __________ be aware of the dangers of sharing personal information on social media.

4. ItΓÇÖs important that users __________ enable two-factor authentication to protect their accounts.

5. Everyone __________ educate themselves about phishing scams to avoid falling victim.

6. When using public Wi-Fi, you __________ avoid accessing sensitive information.

7. Students __________ take online safety courses to learn how to navigate the internet securely.

8. You __________ change your passwords regularly to ensure better security.

9. If you receive an unsolicited email, you __________ verify the sender before clicking any links.

10. Users __________ not share their passwords with anyone, as it compromises their security.