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Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering
Two principal categories of spatial processing are intensity transformations and spatial filtering. As you will learn in this chapter, intensity transformations operate on single pixels of an image, principally for the purpose of contrast manipulation and image thresholding. Spatial filtering deals with performing operations, such as image sharpening, by working in a neighborhood of every pixel in an image.
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Basics of Intensity Transformations
All the image processing techniques discussed in this section are implemented in the spatial domain, which we know from the discussion in Section 2.4.2 is simply the plane containing the pixels of an image. As noted in Section 2.6.7, spatial domain techniques operate directly on the pixels of an image as opposed, for example, to the frequency domain (the topic of Chapter 4) in which operations are performed on the Fourier transform of an image, rather than on the image itself.
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