1. What is business research? And to what extent has research been used in the industrialized world so far?
Business research is a process of obtaining a detailed study of all the business areas including the market and the customers and using that information to maximize the sales & profit of the business. When you run a business, there are several things you can research on. You research everything based on market shares to sales. 
Business research helps you make intelligent and informed decisions and identify the key areas to invest your money in. And also for consideration in determining solutions to problems in business. For example, an automobile company plans to unveil the latest car model in the market. For that, they need to develop strategies to explore and monitor customer demand. So, the company will conduct research to collect information and analyze market trends. This will help them draw better conclusions and come up with a fine quality car at the right price resulting in a larger market share.
2. How do you think about and the role of research in your job/profession
In my opinion, the role of research, especially for students like me, is to solve problems with phenomena that occur in society or the surrounding environment that later will be useful for other students in finding sources of information for further research.
3. How do you find a problem in the research that you will do later
You can find the reasearch problem based on Business Phenomena. It can be from observations on everyday business phenomena that raise problems that are worth researching. 
Or it can be from Research Gap, which is commonly known as research from the experience or research of previous researchers. This research gap can be found from reading or reviewing existing or previous research.
4. Why is theory and information very important in conducting research?
Theory and information are very important in research because those theories and informations can provide an overview of an event or fact in reasearch which of these facts will be very useful for data processing in research. So that it can clarify information for readers or other researchers.